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Building Local Research Capacity for Global Pandemic Preparedness: Lessons from WHO Unity Studies and Their Expansion

Yasir Alvi1, Farzana Islam1, Mohammad Ahmad2

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi 110062, India.

Viruses
|February 27, 2026
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Summary

The Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR) implemented World Health Organization (WHO) Unity Studies during COVID-19. This experience established HIMSR as a Nodal network site for pandemic preparedness in India.

Keywords:
InfluenzaUnity studiesdisease transmissionepidemicinfection prevention and controlpandemic preparednesspublic health action

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Surveillance

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the need for standardized epidemiological investigations to inform public health policy.
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) and Unity Studies initiative provides a framework for such investigations.
  • Low- and middle-income country (LMIC) institutions can play a vital role in global health security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reflect on the Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research's (HIMSR) experience implementing WHO Unity protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To synthesize key findings from household and healthcare worker cohort studies.
  • To outline the transition of HIMSR into a dedicated WHO SEAR Unity Studies Network Nodal site in India.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of three WHO Unity protocols: Household Transmission Investigation (HHTI) and Health Facility Transmission (HCW cohort).
  • Collaboration with WHO Headquarters, South-East Asia Regional Office (SEARO), and WHO India to address operational and analytical complexities.
  • Documentation of institutional capacity building and knowledge transfer.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of WHO Unity studies, generating critical evidence during the pandemic.
  • Identification of operational and analytical challenges and their resolutions through inter-agency collaboration.
  • Establishment of HIMSR as the Nodal network site for WHO SEAR Unity Studies in India, enhancing national pandemic preparedness.

Conclusions:

  • LMIC institutions can significantly contribute to evidence generation during health crises.
  • HIMSR's experience demonstrates a successful transition into a resilient research and surveillance platform for future threats.
  • Capacity building, standardization, and integration of research into policy are crucial for effective pandemic preparedness.