Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Leaky Scanning

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Epithelial NLRP3 drives silica-induced lung injury and fibrosis through IL-18 and pro-fibrotic neutrophil recruitment.

Particle and fibre toxicology·2026

Same author

Short-course intranasal LAT9997 therapy limits post-influenza bacterial pneumonia by recalibrating lung immunity.

Mucosal immunology·2026

Same author

Author Correction: A1 is induced by pathogen ligands to limit myeloid cell death and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

EMBO reports·2025

Same author

Myeloid cell-derived NLRP3 is dispensable for silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and pathology.

Immunology and cell biology·2025

Same author

Distinct adaptation and epidemiological success of different genotypes within <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Dublin.

eLife·2025

Same author

Twelfth scientific biennial meeting of the Australasian Virology Society: AVS12 2024.

Journal of virology·2025

Same journal

Correction: Bulatov et al. Camelpox Virus in Western Kazakhstan: Assessment of the Role of Local Fauna as Reservoirs of Infection. <i>Viruses</i> 2024, <i>16</i>, 1626.

Viruses·2026

Same journal

Correction: Franco et al. Whole Blood Volume-Based Absolute Quantification of HTLV-1 Proviral Load: A Comparative Method Evaluation Study. <i>Viruses</i> 2026, <i>18</i>, 580.

Viruses·2026

Same journal

Correction: Medkour et al. Adenovirus Infections in African Humans and Wild Non-Human Primates: Great Diversity and Cross-Species Transmission. <i>Viruses</i> 2020, <i>12</i>, 657.

Viruses·2026

Same journal

Burden of Malaria and Dengue Across Global, Asian, and Chinese Populations Based on GBD 2021 Data: A Quantitative Assessment of Importation Risks to China.

Viruses·2026

Same journal

First Report of <i>Orthonairovirus songlingense</i> in <i>Haemaphysalis concinna</i> Ticks from Russia.

Viruses·2026

Same journal

Epidemiological and Virological Characteristics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Jiangsu Province, China, 2024.

Viruses·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses

Published on: January 20, 2017

Dissecting Cell Death Pathways in Influenza A Virus Infection: Comparative Insights from Human Models.

Ngoc Mai Khoi Nguyen^1,2, Alison C West¹, Rebecca L Ambrose¹

¹Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.

|February 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Influenza A virus triggers programmed cell death, impacting disease severity. This review compares human-relevant models, revealing critical differences from mouse studies for better influenza therapies.

Keywords:

experimental models influenza A virus programmed cell death

More Related Videos

Modeling Dysplastic and Functional Lung Alveolar Repair after Influenza Infection

Modeling Dysplastic and Functional Lung Alveolar Repair after Influenza Infection

Published on: September 19, 2025

Identifying Caspases and their Motifs that Cleave Proteins During Influenza A Virus Infection

Identifying Caspases and their Motifs that Cleave Proteins During Influenza A Virus Infection

Published on: July 21, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses

Published on: January 20, 2017

Modeling Dysplastic and Functional Lung Alveolar Repair after Influenza Infection

Modeling Dysplastic and Functional Lung Alveolar Repair after Influenza Infection

Published on: September 19, 2025

Identifying Caspases and their Motifs that Cleave Proteins During Influenza A Virus Infection

Identifying Caspases and their Motifs that Cleave Proteins During Influenza A Virus Infection

Published on: July 21, 2022

Area of Science:

Virology and immunology
Cellular biology and pathology

Background:

Influenza A virus poses a significant global health risk, causing epidemics and pandemics.
Programmed cell death pathways (apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis) have a dual role in influenza pathogenesis, affecting viral replication and immune response.
Current understanding heavily relies on murine models, which have limitations in reflecting human physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically compare influenza-induced programmed cell death across various human-relevant experimental platforms.
To identify divergences in pathway activation, bystander effects, and cell vulnerability between different model systems.
To highlight gaps in current research and propose future directions for enhanced translational relevance.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of studies examining influenza-induced programmed cell death.
Comparison of data from diverse human-relevant models: primary cells, immortalized non-cancerous lines, co-cultures, organoids, and precision-cut lung slices.
Analysis of pathway activation, bystander effects, cell-type vulnerability, and spatial dynamics across models.

Main Results:

Increasing model complexity reveals distinct aspects of programmed cell death activation in influenza infection.
Significant divergences exist between model systems in how they represent influenza-induced cell death.
Gaps identified in comparative analyses across different influenza strains and experimental platforms.

Conclusions:

Human-relevant models offer crucial insights into influenza pathogenesis that differ from murine models.
Advanced model systems, multi-omics, and functional genomics are needed to improve translational relevance.
Future research should focus on comparative analyses to guide the development of host-directed influenza therapies.