Recent Advances in Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials for Energy Efficiency in Buildings: A Review

Phase change materials (PCMs) have attracted significant attention for their capacity to store and release large amounts of latent heat in response to ambient temperature variations, offering an effective strategy for thermal regulation in buildings. Meanwhile, recent research is focused on microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs), which provide enhanced thermal efficiency, improved stability, and easier integration into construction materials. This study stands apart from offering a structured comparative analysis of PCM and MPCM systems. Using detailed synthesis tables, the review systematically evaluates materials, encapsulation approaches, and performance indicators. The review presents an integrative framework that correlates materials' thermophysical properties with specialized simulation software and region-specific climatic conditions. MPCMs are assessed in terms of composition, phase change characteristics, and encapsulation techniques, with complex information condensed into practical selection criteria. Furthermore, MPCM products covering phase change temperature ranges from 18 °C to 32 °C are systematically aligned with specific climate zones and life cycle assessment outcomes, offering a clear framework for optimization. The polymers play a vital role in MPCM technology, and their applications for buildings have been studied thoroughly. This work also aims to guide research and development toward scalable, energy-efficient, and sustainable building technologies for both academic and industrial stakeholders.