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Related Concept Videos

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

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Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

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Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
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Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

101
Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
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Ionic Liquid-Enabled Drug Delivery Systems: Benefits, Limitations, and Future Perspectives.

Daeyeong Lee1, Sooa Lim1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.

Pharmaceutics
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ionic liquids (ILs) enhance drug delivery systems (DDS) by improving solubility and stability. Rational design and standardized assessment are crucial for their clinical translation.

Keywords:
biocompatibilitydrug delivery systemionic liquidsnanocarriersoral deliverytransdermal delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) offer tunable properties for drug delivery systems (DDS).
  • They modulate biomolecular and interfacial interactions effectively.
  • ILs can enhance API solubility, stability, and permeability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review IL-enabled DDS strategies across various platforms.
  • To emphasize formulation design principles for ILs in DDS.
  • To assess limitations and future directions for ILs in drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of nanocarrier-based systems, microtechnology-assisted devices, and biomacromolecule formulations.
  • Analysis of ILs' role in API solubility, stability, and permeability.
  • Examination of IL-membrane interactions and structure-activity relationships.

Main Results:

  • ILs enhance drug formulation flexibility through API-IL complex formation.
  • Mechanistic insights into IL-membrane interactions correlate with delivery performance and safety.
  • Key limitations include toxicity, lack of standardized criteria, scalability, and regulatory issues.

Conclusions:

  • ILs are valuable formulation-enabling materials for DDS.
  • Rational design, standardized assessment, and early regulatory alignment are vital.
  • Advancing IL-enabled DDS requires addressing current limitations for clinical translation.