Pulmonary Drug Delivery for Infectious Diseases: Cutting-Edge Formulations and Manufacturing Technologies.

Area of Science:

• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Biotechnology
• Respiratory Medicine

Background:

• Pulmonary drug delivery enables high local drug concentrations for respiratory infections, minimizing systemic exposure.
• Effective inhaled therapies require precise particle engineering for lung deposition, cellular targeting, and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a technology-driven overview of formulation and manufacturing strategies for pulmonary drug delivery.
• To emphasize key parameters for creating effective inhalable systems for infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

• Review of advanced particle engineering techniques (spray drying, spray freeze drying, jet milling, supercritical fluids).
• Examination of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for targeted lung cell delivery.
• Highlighting innovative manufacturing concepts (microfluidics, 3D printing).

Main Results:

• Particle engineering controls aerodynamic size, morphology, and solid-state properties.
• Nanoparticles enhance targeting of epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages for improved antimicrobial efficacy.
• Microfluidics and 3D printing offer improved uniformity, reproducibility, and customization.

Conclusions:

• Integrating formulation science with advanced manufacturing is crucial for effective pulmonary anti-infective delivery.
• Critical design and processing parameters are identified for next-generation inhaled treatments.