Assessment of a Passive Exoskeleton for Neck and Lower Back Support: A Task Study on Muscle Activity and User...

Area of Science:

• Ergonomics and Occupational Health
• Biomechanics
• Wearable Technology

Background:

• Musculoskeletal disorders, especially neck and back pain, are common in many professions due to prolonged static postures and awkward neck movements.
• These disorders lead to significant discomfort, reduced productivity, and increased healthcare costs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the effectiveness of a passive exoskeleton in reducing neck and back strain during simulated neck flexion tasks.
• To assess the impact of the exoskeleton on muscle activity, perceived exertion, and endurance.

Main Methods:

• Ten participants performed simulated neck flexion tasks at various angles (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°) with and without a passive exoskeleton.
• Muscle activity was measured using wearable electromyography (EMG) sensors.
• Subjective discomfort was assessed using the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, and endurance times were recorded.

Main Results:

• The exoskeleton significantly reduced neck and lower back muscle activity by up to 31.0% and perceived discomfort by up to 50.0%.
• Optimal benefits were observed at 30° and 45° neck flexion angles.
• Participants using the exoskeleton reported a 50% increase in endurance time.

Conclusions:

• Passive exoskeletons show significant potential as an ergonomic intervention to alleviate neck and back strain in occupational settings.
• The findings suggest that exoskeletons can effectively mitigate neuromuscular loading and discomfort associated with prolonged neck flexion.
• Further research may explore exoskeleton integration in diverse work environments to optimize ergonomic strategies.