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Related Concept Videos

Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...
Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Identification and Analysis of Mouse Erythroid Progenitors using the CD71/TER119 Flow-cytometric Assay
15:32

Identification and Analysis of Mouse Erythroid Progenitors using the CD71/TER119 Flow-cytometric Assay

Published on: August 5, 2011

Enzymatic abnormalities in erythroleukemia.

L Kass

    Acta Haematologica
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Enzyme abnormalities in erythroblasts from erythroleukemia patients suggest a link to Di Guglielmo syndrome. These findings may indicate a preleukemic state preceding acute myeloid leukemia.

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    08:53

    A Comprehensive Pipeline to Assess the Efficiency of Human Erythropoiesis In Vitro and Ex Vivo

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    Last Updated: May 23, 2026

    Identification and Analysis of Mouse Erythroid Progenitors using the CD71/TER119 Flow-cytometric Assay
    15:32

    Identification and Analysis of Mouse Erythroid Progenitors using the CD71/TER119 Flow-cytometric Assay

    Published on: August 5, 2011

    Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation
    12:05

    Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation

    Published on: November 3, 2018

    A Comprehensive Pipeline to Assess the Efficiency of Human Erythropoiesis In Vitro and Ex Vivo
    08:53

    A Comprehensive Pipeline to Assess the Efficiency of Human Erythropoiesis In Vitro and Ex Vivo

    Published on: January 10, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Biochemistry
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • Erythroleukemia, also known as Di Guglielmo syndrome, is a myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis.
    • Enzyme activity in leukemic cells can provide insights into cellular dysfunction and potential therapeutic targets.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the enzymatic profile of erythroblasts in patients with untreated erythroleukemia.
    • To analyze abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism and esterase activity.
    • To compare isoenzymatic patterns with other leukemia types.

    Main Methods:

    • Enzymatic and cytochemical studies on erythroblasts from two erythroleukemia patients.
    • Electrophoretic analysis of esterase activity using alpha-naphthyl acetate and alpha-naphthyl butyrate.
    • Comparison of isoenzymatic patterns with myeloblastic leukemia.

    Main Results:

    • Erythroblasts exhibited abnormalities in enzymes crucial for carbohydrate metabolism and esterases.
    • Nonspecific esterase activity was strong and fluoride-resistant with alpha-naphthyl acetate.
    • Specific esterase isoenzymatic patterns were similar to those observed in myeloblastic leukemia.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed enzymatic abnormalities support the concept of Di Guglielmo syndrome as a preleukemic disorder.
    • Erythroid abnormalities may precede the development of acute myeloblastic or myelomonocytic leukemia.
    • Esterase isoenzyme analysis may aid in differentiating or understanding the spectrum of myeloid leukemias.