PD Koch Complementary Fractal UHF Antenna Based on AMC Metasurface.

Area of Science:

• Electrical Engineering
• Electromagnetics
• Antenna Theory

Background:

• Ultra-high-frequency (UHF) sensors are crucial for detecting partial discharge (PD) in power equipment.
• Existing sensors require high sensitivity to electromagnetic waves radiated by PD.
• Fractal antennas offer unique electromagnetic properties for enhanced performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a high-sensitivity UHF antenna for partial discharge detection.
• To enhance the gain and performance of UHF fractal antennas using artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) metasurfaces.
• To investigate the effectiveness of a Koch complementary fractal antenna integrated with an AMC metasurface.

Main Methods:

• A Koch complementary fractal antenna model was created using the Iterated Function System (IFS) and affine transformation.
• An AMC metasurface was designed to leverage in-phase reflection for antenna gain enhancement.
• A multi-dimensional parameter joint optimization method was employed to fine-tune the antenna-metasurface system.

Main Results:

• The antenna loaded with the AMC metasurface demonstrated improved voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).
• Significant gain enhancement was observed across both low and high frequency bands.
• Average gain increased by 35.19% (0.3-1.5 GHz), with a peak gain enhancement of 120% (reaching ~11.5 dB).

Conclusions:

• The proposed Koch complementary fractal UHF antenna with an AMC metasurface effectively meets high-sensitivity requirements.
• The integration of AMC metasurfaces offers a viable strategy for substantial antenna gain improvement.
• This enhanced antenna design holds promise for advanced partial discharge monitoring in power substations.