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Croup in infancy and subsequent asthma development: is there a link?
Ju Hee Kim1, Ja Kyoung Kim2, Jin Sung Park2
1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Summary
Recurrent croup in children may signal a higher risk of developing asthma later in life. A single croup episode did not show this association, but multiple episodes did, especially in children with allergies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric respiratory medicine
- Epidemiology
- Allergy and immunology
Background:
- Croup is a common respiratory illness in young children, typically resolving spontaneously.
- The potential link between croup history and childhood asthma risk requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between a history of croup and the subsequent risk of developing childhood asthma.
- To determine if recurrent croup episodes increase asthma risk more than single episodes.
Main Methods:
- A nationwide population-based cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database.
- Inclusion of children born between 2008-2012, with croup cases matched to controls.
- Asthma diagnosis based on codes, medications, or hospitalization, with follow-up through 2021.
Main Results:
- A history of croup was associated with a modest increase in asthma risk (aHR 1.07).
- Recurrent croup (≥2 episodes) significantly increased asthma risk (aHR 1.41), while single episodes did not.
- The association was strongest in children with coexisting atopic conditions.
Conclusions:
- Recurrent croup, not single episodes, is linked to increased subsequent asthma risk.
- Recurrent croup may serve as an early clinical indicator of asthma susceptibility.
- This association is particularly notable in children with coexisting atopic conditions.
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