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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...

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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Published on: April 11, 2018

Necrotising Soft Tissue Infections: A Single Center's Case Series.

Francesca Toia¹, Andrea Pio Cascino¹, Mara Franza¹

¹Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

International Wound Journal

|February 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Necrotising soft tissue infection (NSTI) requires rapid diagnosis and surgical intervention. Delayed treatment increases morbidity and mortality, highlighting the critical role of timely care and procedures like limb amputation for survival.

Keywords:

limb amputation necrotising fasciitis soft tissue infection soft tissue reconstruction wound healing

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Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Establishment of a Primary Culture of Patient-derived Soft Tissue Sarcoma

Published on: April 11, 2018

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

In Vitro Apical-Out Enteroid Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Published on: June 8, 2022

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Surgical Pathology
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Necrotising soft tissue infection (NSTI) is a severe, rapidly progressing condition with high morbidity and mortality.
Prompt diagnosis and aggressive surgical debridement are essential for effective management of NSTI.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway, surgical interventions, and outcomes of patients with NSTI.
To evaluate the role of tissue culture (TC) and limb amputation in managing severe NSTI cases.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 40 patients with NSTI treated between 2015 and 2024.
Review of demographic data, microbiological results, treatment course, clinical outcomes, and mortality.
Specific review of tissue culture (TC) indications, timing, limb amputation, and reconstruction techniques.

Main Results:

35% of patients were referred at an advanced stage due to delays.
The average number of surgical interventions per patient was 4.
20% of patients underwent limb amputation, and 17.5% died during hospitalization.

Conclusions:

NSTI is a life-threatening emergency necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment via dedicated clinical pathways.
Tissue culture (TC) is crucial for critical or unclear diagnoses, and limb amputation can be a life-saving procedure in severe cases.