[Organ-on-a-chip and multi-omics collaborate to build a new model of systems biology]

Leveraging microfluidic chip platforms, the organ-on-a-chip technology integrates methodologies of cell biology, biomaterials science, and engineering to construct in vitro three-dimensional models that simulate the physiological microenvironments of human tissues and organs. This approach effectively overcomes the limitations of two-dimensional cell culture and animal models in replicating complex human structure-function relationships and elucidating disease mechanisms. However, current research often focuses on phenotypic observation, with insufficient exploration of the molecular regulatory mechanisms governing phenomena like drug effects and disease pathogenesis. Multi-omics, by integrating multidimensional molecular information from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, provides crucial technical support for systematically deciphering complex biological processes and demonstrates significant value in biomedical research. In recent years, the synergistic application of organ-on-a-chip and multi-omics enables a multi-dimensional shift from single functional simulation to systematic biological analysis. This review systematically summarizes the application of cutting-edge advances of multi-omics in the research on diverse organ-on-a-chips, analyzes the challenges in data management, technical standardization, and technical compatibility arising from their deep integration, and proposes potential solutions, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for constructing a new paradigm of life science research.