[Applications of microneedle technology in the point-of-care testing: a review]

Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a key technology in clinical and research settings because of its real-time result generation, simple operation, and minimal resource requirement. Microneedles (MNs), which are minimally invasive devices made of micrometer-scale needle arrays and biocompatible materials, offer unique advantages for POCT. They painlessly penetrate the skin's outer layer and efficiently collect biological samples such as interstitial fluid and capillary blood. In addition, MNs can integrate with multiple detection technologies. In this review, we analyzed five major MN types (solid MNs, hollow MNs, coated MNs, dissolvable MNs, and hydrogel-based MNs), focusing on their structures, applications in POCT, and compatible biological samples. We summarized MN-based sample collection strategies, including transdermal sampling, analyte capture, and sensing systems for monitoring. Furthermore, we evaluated how MNs integrated with advanced technologies such as biosensors and identified key challenges in MN-POCT systems, such as improving material biocompatibility, adjusting mechanical strength, and ensuring long-term stability. Standardizing multi-technology interfaces and validating clinical translation systems remain critical for future progress. Our findings support MN selection, functional design, and POCT integration, helping advance personalized and home-based healthcare.