[Research progress in microneedle-mediated vaccination]

Vaccination is one of the most effective measures for disease prevention and mortality reduction. Microneedle delivery can overcome certain limitations of conventional immunization methods, enabling efficient vaccine administration and demonstrating broad application prospects in infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy. This article reviews and discusses the principles of microneedle-mediated vaccination, the preparation and application of various types of microneedle-mediated vaccines, the mechanisms of immune enhancement by microneedles, and strategies to improve their immunogenicity. It aims to provide a reference for future research and application of microneedles in vaccination.