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Related Concept Videos

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
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Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.5K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

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Reactive Melt Extrusion for Polymer Deconstruction and Upcycling.

Jared A Nettles1,2, Timothy E Long2,3, Kailong Jin1,2

  • 1Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.

JACS Au
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Reactive melt extrusion (RME) offers a green chemistry approach for polymer deconstruction and upcycling. This solvent-free method transforms plastic waste into valuable materials, enhancing polymer sustainability.

Keywords:
covalent adaptable networkspolymer circularitypolymer deconstructionpolymer depolymerizationpolymer recyclingreactive extrusionsustainabilityvitrimers

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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Growing global focus on polymer sustainability and plastic waste reduction.
  • Need for green chemistry approaches in polymer recycling and upcycling.
  • Limitations of traditional polymer processing methods for waste valorization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the development and broad applicability of Reactive Melt Extrusion (RME) for polymer deconstruction and upcycling.
  • To showcase RME's potential for transforming plastic waste into value-added materials.
  • To explore RME's role in advancing polymer sustainability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing single- and twin-screw extruders for solvent-free polymer deconstruction and functionalization.
  • Applying RME to various thermoplastics and thermosets from different polymerization processes.
  • Employing in situ chemo-rheological characterization techniques to analyze RME processes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated RME's effectiveness for rapid deconstruction of diverse polymers.
  • Showcased RME's capability for upcycling plastic waste into vitrimers and other high-value materials.
  • Unveiled mechanistic insights into polymer transformation during RME via chemo-rheological analysis.

Conclusions:

  • RME is a versatile, solvent-free platform for polymer deconstruction and upcycling, promoting sustainability.
  • The technology leverages existing infrastructure for rapid adaptation in research and industry.
  • Future research directions aim to further expand RME's capabilities for advanced polymer recycling.