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Advances in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling for anesthesia, 1987-2024: a review

Yara Tulbah1, Ibrahim Aljamaan1

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|February 27, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
anesthesia controldose optimizationnonlinear mixed-effectspatient-specific covariatespharmacodynamic predictionpharmacokinetic modelingpopulation variability

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