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Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of oxygenic, phototrophic bacteria that played a pivotal role in converting Earth’s atmosphere from anoxic to oxygen-rich billions of years ago. They exhibit remarkable morphological diversity, ranging from unicellular forms to filamentous types, with cell sizes varying between 0.5 μm and 100 μm. Cyanobacteria are classified into five groups: Chroococcales (unicellular, dividing by binary fission), Pleurocapsales (unicellular, dividing by...
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[CO2] Alters Cyanobacterial Carboxysome Encapsulation and Redox State.

Clair Huffine1,2,3, Catherine Fontana3,4, Rosanna Garris1,3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cyanobacteria fix 25% of global CO2 using carboxysomes.
  • Carboxysome shell formation and permeability are critical for CO2 fixation.
  • Shells are essential in air but not high CO2 environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate carboxysome shell response to elevated CO2.
  • Understand how cyanobacteria adapt their CO2-fixing machinery.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Grx1-roGFP2 redox sensor.
  • Employed single-cell timelapse fluorescence microscopy.
  • Tracked subcellular redox states in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002.

Main Results:

  • Carboxysome redox state is dynamic.
  • Under high CO2 (3%), procarboxysome-like structures formed.
  • These structures were partially encapsulated, exposing contents to the cytosol.

Conclusions:

  • Carboxysomes exhibit adaptability to environmental CO2 levels.
  • This sheds light on the evolution of carboxysomes and their selective pressures.