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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Nutrient State, Aging, and Diet Modulate SAM50-Dependent Mitochondrial Remodeling and Systemic Metabolic Signatures.

Antentor Othrell Hinton1, Sepiso K Masenga2, Victoria Baskerville1

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|February 27, 2026
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Summary

Sorting and Assembly Machinery 50 (SAM50) impacts metabolic health and aging. Reduced SAM50 expression is linked to impaired mitochondria and metabolic disorders in aging and high-fat diets.

Keywords:
AgingHigh-Fat DietLiver DiseaseMICOS ComplexMetabolismMitochondrial DynamicsNutrient SensingSam50

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolism
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Sorting and Assembly Machinery 50 (SAM50) is implicated in cellular stress responses but its precise role in metabolic remodeling during aging is unclear.
  • Understanding SAM50's function is crucial for addressing age-related metabolic diseases.
  • Genetic variations in SAMM50 may have clinical implications for human metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of SAM50 in nutrient and age-related metabolic remodeling using human and animal models.
  • To investigate the clinical relevance of genetic variations in SAMM50 in human disease.
  • To define the mechanistic links between SAM50, mitochondrial function, and metabolic health.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of clinical and genetic data from three human biobanks.
  • Mechanistic studies in mice involving advanced microscopy (Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy) for mitochondrial analysis.
  • Comprehensive analyses including immunoblotting, metabolomics/lipidomics, and metabolic parameter assessment under fasting, aging, and high-fat diet conditions.

Main Results:

  • Common genetic variations in the SAMM50 locus are significantly associated with liver-related metabolic disorders.
  • In mice, SAM50 expression correlates with nutrient status and respiratory complex proteins.
  • Aging and high-fat diets reduce SAM50 expression, impair mitochondrial structure, and induce metabolic dysfunction, with partial recovery upon diet normalization.

Conclusions:

  • SAM50 expression is dynamically regulated by nutrient status and aging.
  • SAM50 plays a critical role in orchestrating mitochondrial structure and function.
  • SAM50 influences systemic metabolic health, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.