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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Robotic Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Head Cancer: a Case Report of a Standardized Technique
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First Prospective Multicenter Evaluation of Robotic-assisted Partial Nephrectomy Using the DEXTER Robotic Surgery

Damien Thillou1, Xavier Durand2, Humphrey Robin1

  • 1Department of Urology, Saintes Hospital, Saintes, France.

European Urology Open Science
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) using the DEXTER Robotic Surgery System is safe and feasible for small renal tumors. Initial cases demonstrate good short-term outcomes, supporting DEXTER

Keywords:
DEXTER Robotic Surgery SystemMinimally invasive surgeryPartial nephrectomyRobotic-assisted surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Robotic Surgery
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is a standard treatment for small renal tumors.
  • The DEXTER Robotic Surgery System is a novel three-arm multiport robotic system.
  • Evaluating the safety and performance of new robotic systems in RAPN is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the intraoperative and early postoperative safety of the DEXTER Robotic Surgery System in RAPN.
  • To assess the clinical performance and feasibility of DEXTER for nephron-sparing kidney tumor treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study was conducted across two French hospitals.
  • Seven surgeons performed RAPN using the DEXTER system on 33 patients.
  • Primary endpoints included major complications (Clavien-Dindo grades III-V) and procedural success; secondary endpoints covered perioperative outcomes and 30-day follow-up.

Main Results:

  • All 33 procedures were successfully completed without conversion to open or laparoscopic surgery.
  • Three Clavien-Dindo grade III complications occurred; no patients required blood transfusions.
  • Median warm ischemia time was 20 minutes, with a median operative time of 170 minutes and a 2-day hospital stay.

Conclusions:

  • Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy with the DEXTER system is feasible and demonstrates short-term safety.
  • The DEXTER system shows ease of implementation, even in initial cases.
  • Further research is necessary to evaluate the long-term performance and outcomes of DEXTER in RAPN.