Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

15.0K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
15.0K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

4.6K
4.6K
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

10.5K
The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
10.5K
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

6.2K
6.2K
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

78.8K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
78.8K
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

11.4K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
11.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

No Time to Fold: Intrinsically Disordered Microproteins in Action.

Biochemistry·2026
Same author

PARP1 trapping activates ATM-mediated NF-κB signaling independent of replication in response to TOP1 blockade.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Author Correction: Community benchmarking and evaluation of human unannotated microprotein detection by mass spectrometry based proteomics.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Expanding the human proteome with microproteins and peptideins.

Nature·2026
Same author

Sexual dimorphism shapes renal metabolic adaptation to a ketogenic diet.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

An expanded reference catalog of translated open reading frames for biomedical research.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same journal

Complex Indel Detection: A Simulation-Based Framework and Parsing with FreeBayes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Emulating the gingival-tooth interface during bacterial, fungal, and viral infection in a microphysiological model of the human oral cavity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Local SNP-explained methylation variation reveals genetically anchored and exposure-associated methylation architecture in the human brain.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Perinatal Semaglutide Treatment Improves Maternal Health and Mitigates Offspring Metabolic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Maternal Obesity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Pervasive cryptic selection in the human noncoding genome.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Secreted ORF8 reprograms macrophages to enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection of lung epithelial cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
09:38

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 26, 2019

8.7K

HDAC5-encoded Microprotein NISM Mediates Nucleolar Formation and Ribosomal RNA Synthesis.

Kevin Cao1, Dat Ha1, Jesse Hulahan2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered Nucleolar Integrity and Stress Microprotein (NISM), a disordered microprotein regulating ribosome biogenesis. NISM controls nucleolar structure and stress responses by interacting with the RNA helicase DHX9, impacting cell proliferation.

Keywords:
DExD/H-box RNA HelicaseLiquid-Liquid Phase SeparationMicroproteinNucleolusRibosomal RNA synthesis

More Related Videos

Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution
10:53

Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution

Published on: January 16, 2017

9.5K
Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection
07:35

Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection

Published on: August 6, 2019

6.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 28, 2026

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
09:38

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 26, 2019

8.7K
Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution
10:53

Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution

Published on: January 16, 2017

9.5K
Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection
07:35

Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection

Published on: August 6, 2019

6.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Ribosome biogenesis is crucial for cell function, occurring within the nucleolus, a liquid condensate.
  • Disordered proteins play roles in organizing cellular compartments like the nucleolus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel regulators of nucleolar integrity and ribosome biogenesis.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which a newly discovered microprotein influences nucleolar function and cellular stress responses.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of a microprotein (NISM) encoded within the HDAC5 5'-UTR.
  • Analysis of NISM's effects on rDNA transcription, nucleolar structure, and cell proliferation via overexpression and knockout.
  • Biochemical assays and computational modeling to investigate NISM's interaction with DHX9 and its role in liquid-liquid phase separation.

Main Results:

  • NISM overexpression impairs rDNA transcription, induces nucleolar stress, activates p53, and suppresses proliferation.
  • NISM knockout disrupts nucleolar structure and activates p53.
  • NISM interacts with DHX9, regulating pre-ribosomal RNA synthesis by enhancing DHX9's liquid-liquid phase separation, thereby coordinating nucleolar formation.

Conclusions:

  • NISM is a novel regulator of nucleolar integrity and ribosome biogenesis.
  • Disordered microproteins can drive the formation of membraneless organelles like the nucleolus.
  • NISM's function highlights a new mechanism linking nucleolar stress, protein interactions, and cellular fate.