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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
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Association of IFN-γ and IFN-γ Receptor-1 Genes Polymorphisms with Hepatitis C Virus Infection Chronicity and

Khair Rafiq1, Sanaullah Khan1, Muhammad Bar Khan1

  • 1Institute of Zoological Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Viral Immunology
|February 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Genetic variations in interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interferon gamma receptor-1 (IFN-γR1) genes are linked to hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronicity. The AA genotype of IFN-γ and TC genotype of IFN-γR1 increase susceptibility, while TT and CC genotypes may offer protection.

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Hepatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a significant global health challenge, often leading to chronic liver disease.
  • Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and its receptor-1 (IFN-γR1) genes are crucial in managing viral infections.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of HCV chronicity is vital for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific gene polymorphisms in IFN-γ and IFN-γR1 and the development of chronic Hepatitis C (CHC).
  • To determine if these genetic variations influence the progression of liver disease in CHC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of 310 participants (150 CHC patients, 160 healthy controls) using PCR and Sanger sequencing.
  • Analysis focused on the intron-1 polymorphism of the IFN-γ gene and the promoter-56 polymorphism of the IFN-γR1 gene.
  • Statistical analysis to compare genotype frequencies between patient groups and controls.

Main Results:

  • The AA genotype of IFN-γ (+874) was significantly associated with chronic liver complications (p=0.017).
  • The TC genotype of IFN-γR1 (-56) showed a significant association with an increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in CHC patients (p=0.027).
  • Specific genotypes (IFN-γ AA and IFN-γR1 TC) were linked to increased susceptibility to HCV chronicity and disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • The AA genotype of IFN-γ and the TC genotype of IFN-γR1 are associated with higher susceptibility to HCV chronicity.
  • The TT genotype of IFN-γ and the CC genotype of IFN-γR1 may confer a protective effect against HCV chronicity.
  • These findings highlight the role of specific genetic polymorphisms in HCV pathogenesis and disease outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
hepatitis Cinterferon gammainterferon gamma receptor-1

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