Heteroatom doping in carbon macrocycles for advanced synthesis and applications

Area of Science:

• Organic Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

• Macrocycles are crucial in diverse fields like bioimaging and catalysis.
• Conventional macrocycles rely on ring size for property tuning.
• Incorporating heteroatoms (N, O, S) enables precise control over electronic properties and functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances (2020-2025) in the synthesis of heteroatom-doped macrocycles.
• To summarize the applications of these advanced macrocyclic compounds.
• To provide a reference for researchers in cross-disciplinary fields.

Main Methods:

• Covering metal-catalyzed (e.g., Pd, Ni, Pt) and metal-free synthetic strategies.
• Including post-synthetic modification techniques for property fine-tuning.
• Summarizing recent developments in heteroatom doping (N-, O-, S-, N,O-, N,S-).

Main Results:

• Demonstrated synthesis of diverse heteroatom-doped macrocycles.
• Highlighted applications in host-guest systems, sensors, OLEDs, OFETs, OPVs, and (photo)catalysis.
• Showcased the tunable electronic structure and band gap of doped macrocycles.

Conclusions:

• Heteroatom-doped macrocycles represent a significant advancement in materials science.
• These compounds offer enhanced tunability for sophisticated applications.
• The review provides a comprehensive overview and future outlook for the field.