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Dynamic breast response under different running intensities: a pilot finite element study across representative
Jie Yu1, Yue Sun1,2,3, Shichen Zhang3,4
1School of Fashion Design and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering
|February 27, 2026
Summary
Breast size and running speed significantly impact breast motion and acceleration during exercise. These biomechanical insights can inform the design of supportive sports bras for diverse breast types.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Science
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Understanding dynamic breast response is crucial for athletic performance and injury prevention.
- Existing research often lacks detailed analysis across varied breast morphologies and kinematic parameters.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the biomechanical response of different breast types during dynamic activity.
- To quantify the influence of breast volume, running speed, and nipple configuration on breast motion.
Main Methods:
- Finite element method (FEM) simulations were employed.
- Nine representative breast types were modeled.
- Dynamic responses including displacement and acceleration were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Increased breast volume and running speed significantly elevated breast displacement and acceleration (p < 0.001).
- Breast volume and speed were primary predictors of motion in the Y and Z directions.
- Nipple spatial configuration influenced lateral breast dynamics, with middle-type breasts showing enhanced stability.
Conclusions:
- Breast motion is significantly influenced by volume and speed, highlighting the need for personalized support.
- Nipple position plays a role in modulating lateral breast movement.
- Findings provide a biomechanical basis for developing sports bras optimized for various breast shapes and sizes.
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