Global Research Trends in Immunotherapies for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Bibliometric Analysis

This bibliometric study investigates global research trends in the application of immunotherapies for managing recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Data were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database, encompassing 1,735 publications from 1964 to 2024. The analysis demonstrates a steady increase in research activity, with an average annual growth rate of 1.14%. Leading journals in the field include The American Journal of Reproductive Immunology and Human Reproduction, while prominent contributors such as Ole Bjarne Christiansen and William H. Kutteh have significantly influenced the domain. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom were identified as the most productive countries in terms of publication volume and citation metrics. Keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals a thematic progression from early-stage experimental treatments to a more advanced focus on immunological and molecular mechanisms underlying RPL. Among various therapeutic modalities, heparin, aspirin, and intravenous immunoglobulin have been the most frequently studied. Meanwhile, novel immunotherapies are emerging as promising alternatives, although their clinical efficacy remains to be thoroughly validated. This study emphasizes the critical role of international collaboration in advancing the field and highlights persistent research gaps that warrant further investigation. Overall, the findings provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution, current status, and future directions of immunotherapy research in the context of recurrent pregnancy loss..