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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.1K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
3.0K
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
3.5K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.5K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.6K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.6K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

4.1K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
4.1K

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Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
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Competition and Coupling Between Crystallization and Microphase Separation in a Triblock Copolymer.

Shichu Yang1, Zhihao Shen1, Xing-He Fan1

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Block copolymers with liquid crystalline and semicrystalline blocks self-assemble into lamellar and hexagonal structures. Polymer crystallization significantly influences nanostructure formation, leading to unique phase transitions.

Keywords:
block copolymercrystallizationlower disorder‐order transitionmicrophase separationsemicrystalline polymer

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Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assemble into diverse nanostructures.
  • Incorporating liquid crystalline (LC) and semicrystalline polymers modifies BCP self-assembly.
  • Mesogen-jacketed LC polymers (MJLCPs) offer unique properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize and characterize novel BCPs containing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), and a PMVBP LC block.
  • Investigate the influence of PLLA crystallization on BCP nanostructure formation.
  • Explore temperature-dependent phase behavior and transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of triblock copolymers (PDMS-b-PLLA-b-PMVBP).
  • Temperature-dependent small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for structural analysis.
  • Analysis of phase transitions and nanostructure evolution.

Main Results:

  • Diblock copolymer PLLA-b-PMVBP showed no ordered nanostructures due to similar solubility parameters.
  • Triblock copolymer PDMS-b-PLLA-b-PMVBP exhibited lamellar (LAM) at ambient and hexagonal (HEX) at high temperatures.
  • PLLA crystallization significantly impacted BCP self-assembly, potentially competing or coupling with microphase separation.
  • A rare lower disorder-order transition (LDOT) was observed.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between polymer crystallization and microphase separation governs BCP nanostructure.
  • Temperature-induced structural transitions (LAM to HEX) are observed.
  • Novel phase behavior, including LDOT, highlights the complexity of BCP self-assembly with functional blocks.