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Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds Identify Allergic Patients Among Individuals With Chronic Rhinitis.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath, specifically decane and nonadecane, show potential as non-invasive biomarkers for diagnosing allergic rhinitis (AR) and local allergic rhinitis (LAR). These findings may support the use of nasal allergen challenge (NAC) in clinical practice.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis (AR) and local allergic rhinitis (LAR) diagnosis relies on nasal allergen challenge (NAC), a method with limited clinical application.
  • Investigating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath offers a potential non-invasive method to identify allergic individuals among patients with chronic rhinitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if VOCs in exhaled breath can differentiate allergic patients (AR, LAR) from non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) and healthy controls (HC).
  • To explore the association of specific VOCs with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophil counts.

Main Methods:

  • Exhaled breath samples were collected from AR, LAR, NAR, and HC participants before and after NAC.
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze VOCs, focusing on saturated hydrocarbons.
  • Associations between VOCs, FeNO, and blood eosinophils were assessed.

Main Results:

  • A predictive model using decane and nonadecane distinguished allergic from non-allergic subjects with moderate performance (AUC 0.721-0.760).
  • These VOCs also differentiated LAR from NAR patients (AUC 0.737).
  • Elevated baseline decane and nonadecane were observed in LAR patients, and specific VOCs correlated with higher FeNO levels, suggesting T2 airway inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Exhaled decane and nonadecane show promise as non-invasive biomarkers for allergic inflammation in rhinitis.
  • These VOCs may aid in identifying patients who could benefit from NAC.
  • Further validation in larger studies is needed to confirm their diagnostic accuracy.