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Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

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Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
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Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
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Related Experiment Video

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Tuning Local CO2 Concentration via Controllable Wettability to Explore Multicarbon Product Selectivity in CO2

Shijian Yu1,2, Kai Deng2, Dong Liu2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Superhydrophobic electrodes enhance CO2 conversion to multicarbon products by maintaining high surface CO2 concentration. This strategy improves selectivity by controlling local pH, crucial for valuable chemical production.

Keywords:
CO2 reductionlocal CO2 concentrationlocal pHmulticarbon product selectivitywettability

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to multicarbon products offers a pathway for renewable energy storage and chemical synthesis.
  • The precise roles of surface CO2 concentration and local pH in achieving high selectivity for multicarbon products remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To decouple and investigate the distinct contributions of surface CO2 concentration and local pH to multicarbon product selectivity.
  • To engineer electrode surfaces for improved CO2 electroreduction performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in situ fluorescence electrochemical spectroscopy and in situ Raman spectroscopy to monitor reactions.
  • Tuned electrode surface wettability to regulate interfacial CO2 transfer.
  • Compared performance of superhydrophobic electrodes with conventional copper (Cu) electrodes.

Main Results:

  • Superhydrophobic electrodes maintained significantly higher surface CO2 concentrations.
  • Rapid CO2 transfer on superhydrophobic surfaces buffered local pH, which was initially thought unfavorable for multicarbon products.
  • Achieved 66.5% multicarbon product selectivity, 1.93 times higher than the conventional Cu electrode.
  • Operando Raman spectroscopy revealed enhanced CO2 activation and intermediate formation (Cu-CO, CO2-) on superhydrophobic surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • High surface CO2 concentration, sustained by superhydrophobic surfaces, is a key factor in promoting CO2 activation and subsequent multicarbon product formation.
  • Surface wettability engineering provides an effective strategy to control the microenvironment for enhanced CO2 electroreduction.
  • The study clarifies the interplay between surface CO2 concentration, local pH, and product selectivity in CO2 electrocatalysis.