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Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
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Microfluidic Devices for High-Throughput In Situ Serial Crystallography.

Sofia Jaho1, Samuel John Hjorth-Jensen2, Monika Budayova-Spano3

  • 1Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology
|February 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Microfluidic devices enable efficient protein crystal preparation for X-ray and electron diffraction. This review covers technologies for fixed-target and moving-target serial crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy sample prep.

Keywords:
In situ data collectionMacromolecular X-ray crystallographyMicrofabricationMicrofluidicsSample deliverySerial crystallography

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Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Microfluidic devices were initially developed for on-chip crystallization and high-throughput screening in structural biology.
  • These devices offer minimal sample consumption and high reproducibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore technologies and materials for microfluidic devices used in protein crystal data collection.
  • To emphasize fixed-target devices for in situ serial X-ray diffraction.
  • To cover sample handling, storage, and transportation for microfluidic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of microfluidic device fabrication technologies and materials.
  • Focus on fixed-target and moving-target device designs for serial X-ray crystallography.
  • Discussion of microfluidic applications in sample preparation for cryogenic electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Advances in microfluidics and microfabrication are driving the field of in situ serial X-ray diffraction.
  • Microfluidic devices are crucial for sample preparation and delivery in X-ray and electron diffraction facilities.
  • Practical considerations for sample handling and storage using microfluidic devices are detailed.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidics is a key enabling technology for modern structural biology techniques.
  • The development of specialized microfluidic devices enhances data collection efficiency and reproducibility.
  • Microfluidic applications extend to both X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy sample preparation.