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Evolution of crop phenotypic spaces through domestication.

Arthur Wojcik1,2, Harry Belcram1, Agnès Rousselet1

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Domestication drives significant phenotypic changes across plant species, revealing a common domestication syndrome. A new index (mPDI) quantifies this divergence, showing consistent patterns in trait evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Quantitative Genetics

Background:

  • Domestication offers a unique experimental system to study how selection shapes complex traits.
  • Understanding multivariate phenotypic evolution is key to plant breeding and conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how divergent selection during domestication impacts multivariate phenotypic spaces across multiple species.
  • To establish a framework for cross-species comparisons of domestication-driven evolution.
  • To develop and apply a novel index for quantifying phenotypic divergence.

Main Methods:

  • Measured 11-57 qualitative and quantitative traits in 13 plant species undergoing domestication.
  • Utilized Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of leaves as a control for non-domestication-related phenotypic variation.
  • Developed a multivariate phenotypic divergence index (mPDI) for cross-species analysis.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant convergence, forming a cross-species domestication syndrome.
  • Found a general reduction in multivariate phenotypic space during domestication.
  • Demonstrated that NIR spectra reflect independent phenotypic evolution, serving as a valuable control.
  • mPDI revealed high disjunction between wild and domestic phenotypic spaces across all species.
  • Domestication timing and mating systems did not influence mPDI or relative phenotypic space sizes.
  • Trait correlations progressively decoupled with increasing time since domestication.

Conclusions:

  • Domestication consistently reshapes plant phenotypes, leading to recurring patterns and a shared domestication syndrome.
  • The mPDI is a robust tool for cross-species comparison of evolutionary divergence under selection.
  • Phenotypic evolution during domestication involves both convergence and divergence, with complex trait correlations changing over time.