The Synergistic Applications of Microneedling and Nanomaterials: Attaining Cutaneous Repair

Environmental stressors delay cutaneous wound healing and significantly impact patient survival rates. Traditional wound medications suffer from low delivery efficiency and susceptibility to degradation. Microneedle technology, characterized by its minimally invasive nature and high efficiency, significantly enhances transdermal drug delivery capabilities, while nanomaterials improve therapeutic efficacy through superior drug protection and controlled-release properties. The combination of these two technologies synergistically enables rapid wound repair and reduces the risk of complications. Current research predominantly focuses on single-component analyses (with only nine related studies indexed in Web of Science from 2014 to 2025), lacking systematic investigation into their synergistic mechanisms. This review innovatively establishes a classification system for microneedle-nanomaterial combinations, elucidating their fabrication processes, functional characteristics, and synergistic enhancement mechanisms, thereby providing a critical theoretical reference for the field of cutaneous repair.