Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

875
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
875
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.6K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.6K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

1.6K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Pterygopalatine Ganglion Within the Pterygopalatine Fossa: Quantitative Topography and Implications for Posteriorly Directed Percutaneous Access.

Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Personalized Gamified Learning in a Course on the Urogenital System Anatomy: Differential Effects Across Learning Preference Profiles.

Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Navicular and fifth metatarsal base stress fractures: An illustrated anatomical review.

Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA·2026
Same author

The foramen of Magendie: a comprehensive review of its history, anatomy, pathology, and surgical approaches.

Anatomy & cell biology·2026
Same author

Comprehensive review of the cerebral aqueduct: anatomy, embryology, imaging, genetics, molecular, and pathology.

Anatomy & cell biology·2026
Same author

Clinical anatomy of the superior labial branch of infraorbital nerve.

Anatomy & cell biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
03:14

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.7K

Understanding Vascular Risks in Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injections: Insights From Anatomy and Clinical

Martin Avellanal1, Irene Riquelme1, Antonio Ferreiro2

  • 1Pain Clinic, Hospital Universitario La Moraleja, Madrid, Spain.

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|February 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) carry rare but severe risks of paralysis. Understanding lumbar anatomy and using non-particulate steroids can significantly improve TFESI safety.

Keywords:
epiduralinjectionsintervertebral foramenlow back painpain managementspinal blood supplyspine

More Related Videos

Laminotomy for Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion Access and Injection in Swine
09:00

Laminotomy for Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion Access and Injection in Swine

Published on: October 10, 2017

13.6K
Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
01:24

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
03:14

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.7K
Laminotomy for Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion Access and Injection in Swine
09:00

Laminotomy for Lumbar Dorsal Root Ganglion Access and Injection in Swine

Published on: October 10, 2017

13.6K
Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
01:24

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESIs) are common for lumbar and radicular pain.
  • Ischemic complications, though rare, can lead to irreversible paraplegia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review vascular anatomy of the lumbar intervertebral foramen.
  • To analyze risks of radiculomedullary arteries and complications from lumbar TFESIs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anatomical and radiological data.
  • Analysis of reported severe complications associated with lumbar TFESIs.

Main Results:

  • Radicular arteries are rare below L2-L3, more common on the left.
  • The upper intervertebral foramen (T12-L3) is a high-risk site for arterial injury.
  • Kambin's triangle approach may reduce arterial contact compared to subpedicular approaches.
  • Particulate corticosteroids (methylprednisolone, triamcinolone) are linked to ischemic events; non-particulate dexamethasone is preferred.

Conclusions:

  • Adjusting needle placement, imaging guidance, and corticosteroid choice can mitigate risks.
  • Optimizing TFESI techniques is crucial for patient safety and treatment efficacy.