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Related Experiment Videos

Screening test for complement activation by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

C M Arroyave, D G Taylor, P Gallup

    American Journal of Clinical Pathology
    |April 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) rapidly detects complement system activation via C3 split products. This sensitive method identifies complement activation in rheumatic diseases, even with normal C3 levels.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Clinical Chemistry

    Background:

    • The complement system plays a crucial role in immune responses.
    • Activation of the complement system can lead to the formation of split products, such as C3c/d.
    • Detecting these split products indicates complement system activation, relevant in various diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) as a sensitive and rapid method for detecting complement system activation.
    • To assess the presence of C3 split products (C3c/d) in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases and healthy individuals.

    Main Methods:

    • Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was employed to detect C3 split products (C3c/d) in plasma and serum samples.
    • Hemolytic assays (CH50, C4H50, C3H50) and radial immunodiffusion (RID) were used to measure complement component concentrations.

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  • Clinical investigation involved 40 patients with systemic rheumatic diseases and 116 healthy controls.

    • Main Results:

    • CIE detected C3 split products in 30% of serum samples from healthy individuals, compared to 2.5% in simultaneously collected plasma samples.
    • In patients with active systemic rheumatic diseases, C3 split products were identified by CIE in all but one case.
    • These findings were observed even when C3 protein levels, measured by RID, were normal.

    Conclusions:

    • CIE is a highly sensitive and rapid technique for detecting complement system activation through C3 split products.
    • The presence of C3 split products, detectable by CIE, is a significant indicator of complement activation in systemic rheumatic diseases.
    • CIE offers a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying complement activation when traditional methods show normal C3 protein levels.