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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

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Published on: February 24, 2023
The Potential Role of Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring in the Management of People with Type 2 Diabetes
Julia K Mader1, Lutz Heinemann2
1Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Background:
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has come a long way and is standard for patients with type 1 diabetes and many with type 2 diabetes. Several attempts to establish noninvasive glucose monitoring, that is, measuring glucose without puncturing the skin, have not been successful yet.
Method:
A different approach is the monitoring of volatile organic compounds in breath.
Results:
This addresses a number of limitations of current invasive glucose monitoring techniques. This should enhance compliance, adherence, clinical outcomes, and quality of life. It might also reduce costs associated with CGM.
Conclusions:
A recent publication in this journal indicates the clinical value of this approach by presenting data from a clinical study. The respective pros and cons will be discussed briefly.
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