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Embolization therapy for pelvic arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review
Chiara Brechbühl1,2,3, Nicolas Diehm2,4,5, Hanno Hoppe6,7,8,9
1Microtherapy Center Bern, Lindenhofgruppe, Bremgartenstrasse 117, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
CVIR Endovascular
|February 28, 2026
Summary
Embolization therapy is effective for treating pelvic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), a rare vascular anomaly. Direct puncture of the dominant outflow vein (DOV) is a common approach with high success and low complication rates.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Surgery
- Interventional Radiology
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Pelvic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon congenital vascular anomalies.
- These AVMs can lead to significant clinical symptoms, necessitating effective treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review diagnostic methods, embolization techniques, and clinical outcomes for pelvic AVMs.
- To synthesize current evidence on the efficacy and safety of embolization for pelvic AVMs.
Main Methods:
- A PRISMA-compliant systematic literature search was conducted.
- Included 19 studies involving 49 patients treated with embolization therapy for pelvic AVMs.
Main Results:
- Venous approaches, particularly direct puncture of the dominant outflow vein (DOV), were most frequent.
- Coils were the primary embolic agent, often used with other materials, showing technical variability.
- Embolization demonstrated high technical and clinical success rates with low complication rates (mean follow-up: 21.1 months).
Conclusions:
- Embolization, especially targeting the DOV, is a successful treatment for symptomatic pelvic AVMs.
- Further comparative studies are required to establish standardized treatment protocols.
Keywords:
Congenital pelvic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)Core Grading of Recommendations AssessmentDevelopment and Evaluation (GRADE)Dominant outflow vein (DOV)EmbolizationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic ReviewsPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)More Related Videos
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