Social dimensions of Managed Aquifer Recharge: A scoping review

Climate change is intensifying hydrologic extremes, prompting interest in nature-based solutions. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) can reduce flood risk, bolster water security, and restore groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Yet MAR outcomes hinge not only on hydrogeology and engineering, but also on the social dimensions of MAR projects: policies, institutions, and community practices. Most of the existing academic literature on MAR has prioritized physical, economic, and design sciences, often overshadowing the importance of social sciences. To clarify what is known (and what remains overlooked) about these social dimensions, we conduct a scoping review of 83 publications. We identify five cross-cutting themes in social research on MAR: (1) social acceptability and public perceptions; (2) ecosystem services and environmental aspects as socially valued benefits and trade-offs; (3) human health considerations, including risk communication; (4) policy, legal, and governance frameworks; and (5) participation and co-management processes. By evaluating existing literature, we provide a consolidated conceptual landscape of social dimensions in MAR and a research agenda highlighting critical gaps, especially on equity and justice, livelihoods, and participatory approaches. Taken together, this scoping review provides an evidentiary map to guide more systematic, comparative, and context-sensitive research on MAR's role in climate resilience.