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Advancing multi-analyte neurochemical detection with carbon-based electrodes: Challenges and future perspectives
Ashley Daninger1, Navoda Udawaththa1, Olga Zubak1
1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA.
Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|February 28, 2026
Summary
Carbon-based sensors enable real-time neurotransmitter monitoring for neurochemical insights. Challenges remain in vivo, but advancements promise enhanced diagnostics and therapies.
Area of Science:
- Electrochemistry
- Neuroscience
- Materials Science
Background:
- Real-time neurotransmitter monitoring is vital for neurochemical process understanding and clinical diagnostics.
- Carbon-based electrochemical sensors offer versatile platforms for sensitive and selective multi-analyte detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advances in carbon-based electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection.
- To highlight challenges and future directions for in vivo monitoring.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing various carbon nanomaterials (graphene, CNTs, carbon fiber microelectrodes).
- Employing nanostructuring, surface functionalization, and electropolymerization techniques.
- Applying fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for high spatiotemporal resolution.
Main Results:
- Detection of dopamine, serotonin, and ascorbic acid at nanomolar to picomolar levels.
- Demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity in complex biological samples.
- Carbon fiber microelectrodes show promise for real-time neural tissue monitoring.
Conclusions:
- Carbon-based sensors have advanced neurotransmitter detection capabilities.
- In vivo applicability is limited by biofouling, signal overlap, and stability issues.
- Continued innovation in sensor engineering is crucial for improved neural monitoring and diagnostics.
