Addressing unmet needs in rheumatoid arthritis: the challenge of translating multi-omics into precision therapies

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly heterogeneous chronic systemic inflammatory disease. Approximately 30-40% of patients exhibit an inadequate response to currently available biologic agents and Janus kinase inhibitors. In recent years, rapid advances in multi-omics technologies, including genomics, temporal transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, epigenetics, and cytomics, have provided new opportunities to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of RA and advance precision medicine. Nevertheless, translating multi-omics integration into clinical practice remains challenging. Key obstacles include establishing standardized data integration frameworks, expanding the scale of clinical validation, balancing technological maturity across platforms, and optimizing detection methodologies to facilitate the broad application of precision interventions in clinical settings.