From Diagnosis to Resolution: A Practical Guide to Acute Diarrhea in Veterinary Patients.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Internal Medicine
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Acute diarrhea (AD) is a common presenting complaint in dogs and cats.
• Many cases are self-limiting, but diagnostic uncertainty and treatment choices can be challenging.
• Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern in veterinary medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence regarding the management of acute diarrhea in dogs and cats.
• To emphasize the importance of supportive care and judicious diagnostic approaches.
• To provide guidance on appropriate antimicrobial use in canine and feline AD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies and evidence-based guidelines.
• Focus on diagnostic strategies for AD.
• Analysis of therapeutic options, including supportive care and antimicrobial therapy.

Main Results:

• Most AD cases are self-limiting and managed effectively with supportive care (hydration, nutrition).
• Routine antibiotic use in uncomplicated AD is not recommended due to risks of resistance and microbiome disruption.
• Diagnostic testing should be case-specific, targeting potential systemic or infectious etiologies.

Conclusions:

• Prioritize supportive care and tailored diagnostics for canine and feline AD.
• Adhere to antimicrobial stewardship principles, reserving antibiotics for confirmed bacterial infections.
• Optimizing management strategies is crucial for patient outcomes and combating antimicrobial resistance.