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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

Personalizing Brain Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders: From Circuits to Closed-Loop Control.

Christopher C Cline^1,2, Corey J Keller^1,2,3

¹Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.

The American Journal of Psychiatry

|March 1, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Personalizing transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with biomarkers could improve depression treatment outcomes. Future trials must confirm if this precision medicine approach surpasses standard care effectiveness.

Keywords:

Depressive Disorders Major Depressive Disorder Neurostimulation Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2026

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

Author Spotlight: Therapeutic Benefit of Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in Depression Treatment

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Author Spotlight: Automated Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease - Exploring the Possibilities and Challenges of Home Monitoring

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Biomarkers

Background:

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established depression treatment with limited response rates.
Significant potential for improvement exists despite two decades of clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine biomarker-guided personalization of brain stimulation for enhanced treatment efficacy.
To outline the translational pathway from circuit-level insights to clinical deployment.

Main Methods:

Review of translational research from invasive to noninvasive biomarkers.
Discussion of optimization strategies enabled by validated biomarkers: parameter tuning, state-dependent, augmentation, and closed-loop systems.

Main Results:

Validated biomarkers enable systematic optimization of brain stimulation protocols.
Potential for personalized treatment strategies including stimulation parameter tuning and closed-loop systems.

Conclusions:

Biomarker-guided personalization offers a pathway towards precision medicine in interventional psychiatry.
Randomized trials are necessary to demonstrate improved outcomes over standard care, justifying increased complexity and cost.