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Skin Cancer in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Review.

Milan van Ammers1, Alvin H Chong2,3,4

  • 1Skin Health Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. mammers@skinhealthinstitute.org.au.

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Summary

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) face higher skin cancer risks due to immunosuppression. This review covers prevention, surveillance, and management tailored for these high-risk patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Transplant Medicine
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a substantially higher risk of skin cancer compared to the general population.
  • Immunosuppressive therapy required post-transplant contributes to both increased cancer incidence and mortality.
  • A specialized approach to skin cancer prevention, surveillance, and management is crucial for SOTRs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of transplant dermatology, focusing on skin cancer in SOTRs.
  • To synthesize recent epidemiological data, risk factors, and advancements in the field.
  • To summarize current prevention strategies, chemoprophylaxis evidence, and clinical management guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological studies, risk factor analyses, and clinical guidelines.
  • Exploration of current prevention strategies, including chemoprophylaxis.
  • Synthesis of consensus statements and management recommendations for skin cancer in SOTRs.

Main Results:

  • SOTRs exhibit significantly elevated skin cancer incidence and mortality rates.
  • Risk factors include both general population factors and those specific to immunosuppression.
  • Evidence supports chemoprophylactic agents in prevention strategies.
  • Numerous consensus statements now offer clearer clinical guidance for managing skin cancer in SOTRs.

Conclusions:

  • Skin cancer management in SOTRs requires a tailored approach due to their elevated risk.
  • Recent advancements and consensus statements provide improved guidance for clinicians.
  • Continued focus on prevention, surveillance, and evidence-based management is essential for this high-risk group.