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Updated: Mar 2, 2026
Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors
Published on: January 29, 2013
Graphene-integrated microtube whispering-gallery mode resonators for polarization-sensitive optical modulation and
Tianjun Cai1,2, Ziyu Zhang1,2, Binmin Wu3
1International Institute for Intelligent Nanorobots and Nanosystems & State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
None:
The monolithic photonic-electronic integration is crucial for high-bandwidth optical communication and computing, while existing structures struggle to reconcile compact footprints with performance preservation. Here, graphene-integrated silicon nitride microtube whispering-gallery mode resonators, fabricated via wafer-level nanomembrane self-rolling process, are demonstrated for polarization optical modulation and photodetection in photonic-electronic synergy. The engineered lobe-shaped architecture in the microtube facilitates axial mode quantization, greatly enhancing the optical mode confinement and improving the quality factor. A balanced trade-off between photodetection efficiency and optical resonance is achieved by adjusting the coupling between graphene and microtube resonance, and graphene-integrated microtube resonators with lobe structure demonstrate an efficient optical resonance ( = 2008.36) and high photoresponsivity (2.80 A W-1). Furthermore, fourfold rotational symmetry breaking in microtubes presents a workable structural paradigm for the polarization-sensitive optical modulation and photodetection, overall characteristics presents a promising platform for optical manipulation and multidimensional detection of integrated photonic and optoelectronic systems.
