Exosome-enabled bone defect repair: mechanistic foundations, bioengineered delivery, and artificial

Shen Yang1,2, Siliang Ge1,2, Zhongyang Liu1,2

  • 1Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.

PubMed
Summary

Exosomes show promise for bone defect repair by promoting regeneration and enabling controlled delivery. Artificial intelligence accelerates their development, but standardization and validation are crucial for clinical success.