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<b>The fifth species of the genus <i>Capillogryllus</i> (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Gryllinae; Gryllini; Brachytrypina): <i>Capillogryllus megastomus</i> sp. nov., from Gyirong, China</b>.

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A comprehensive workflow for resolving Gryllidea phylogeny using universal single-copy orthologs.

Yan-Na Zheng1, Li-Bin Ma2, Yuan Huang1

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
|March 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study resolves cricket (Gryllidea) evolutionary relationships using genomic data and a novel phylogenetic workflow. It establishes two major clades and clarifies subfamily positions, revealing diversification linked to angiosperm evolution.

Keywords:
CricketLow-coverage genomesPhylogenomicsTopological testsUSCOs

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • The evolutionary history and higher-level phylogenetic relationships within the diverse insect order Gryllidea (crickets) have been historically challenging to resolve.
  • Previous phylogenetic studies have faced difficulties due to limited genetic markers and analytical inconsistencies, leading to ongoing disputes.
  • Resolving these relationships is crucial for understanding cricket evolution and diversification patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a reproducible phylogenetic analysis workflow utilizing Universal Single-Copy Ortholog genes (USCOs) for Gryllidea.
  • To resolve key phylogenetic disputes within Gryllidea by reconstructing robust evolutionary relationships.
  • To establish an evolutionary timescale for major diversification events in crickets.

Main Methods:

  • Low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (10X) of representative cricket species spanning all extant families.
  • Genome assembly, USCO extraction, and construction of multiple data matrices with rigorous quality filtering and compositional heterogeneity control.
  • Phylogenetic reconstruction using a multi-model comparison framework, validated by statistical topology tests (AU, WKH, WSH, FcLM).

Main Results:

  • Consistent and robust support for two major clades: Gryllotalpoidea (Gryllotalpidae, Myrmecophilidae) and Grylloidea.
  • Resolved internal relationships within Grylloidea: (Mogoplistidae, (Trigonidiidae, (Phalangopsidae, (Oecanthidae, Gryllidae)))).
  • Revealed the non-monophyly of Nemobiinae within Trigonidiidae and clarified positions of multiple subfamilies.
  • Divergence time estimates indicate initial diversification in the Early Jurassic, accelerating during the Cretaceous, coinciding with angiosperm rise.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides robust molecular evidence and an evolutionary timescale, resolving long-standing phylogenetic controversies in Gryllidea.
  • The proposed 'matrix optimization-model comparison-topology validation' framework offers a reproducible and extensible foundation for phylogenetic studies.
  • Robust phylogenetic inference necessitates integrating multiple complementary datasets and analytical approaches.