[A China-centered framework for assessment of imported emerging infections and implications for cross-national...

In the context of normalized cross-border population mobility and uneven levels of pandemic preparedness across countries, this study develops an assessment framework for imported emerging infections from China's perspective, drawing on the 2025 Amendments to the International Health Regulations (2005) and States Parties Self-Assessment Annual Report. By integrating cross-border mobility with differences in source countries' public health capacities, the framework is designed to identify priority source countries contributing to importation risk, delineate importation frontiers and high-risk convergence provinces within China, and support stratified assessment under pandemic-risk scenarios. The paper further discusses how the framework can inform the allocation of resources for port-of-entry measures, strengthen domestic emergency preparedness capacities, and guide cooperation for cross-national capacity building, providing an analytical starting point for China's engagement in international collaborations to contribute to regional and global health security.