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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Facet-Engineered ZnO as an Interfacial Regulator for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes.

Kyungmin Kim1, Seonghyun Park1, Hwanju Lim1

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|March 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study shows ZnO nanostructures stabilize lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) by controlling deposition. Optimized ZnO on carbon fibers enables uniform lithium plating, achieving over 800 hours of stability for durable LMB anodes.

Keywords:
Li plating/strippingLi‐metal batteriesinterfacial engineeringthermal processingzinc oxides

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Interfacial instability is a major challenge for high-energy lithium-metal batteries (LMBs).
  • Controlling lithium deposition is crucial for battery longevity and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ZnO as a facet-engineered interfacial regulator for stabilizing lithium deposition in LMBs.
  • To decouple the effects of crystal facet orientation and morphology on interfacial stability.

Main Methods:

  • Electrothermal-wave (ETW) processing to modulate atomic diffusion and tailor ZnO nanostructures on carbon fibers.
  • Mechanistic analyses to understand facet-dependent interfacial reactions.
  • Electrochemical testing of ZnO@CF electrodes in half-cells and full-cells.

Main Results:

  • The semipolar (101) ZnO facet promotes uniform Li nucleation and >800 h plating/stripping stability.
  • The polar (002) ZnO facet leads to an insulating Li2O-rich layer, hindering charge transfer.
  • A 2D planar morphology enhances electrochemical activity and Li plating kinetics compared to 3D architectures.
  • Optimized ZnO@CF electrodes show stable reversibility and retain 80% capacity over 200 cycles in full cells.

Conclusions:

  • Facet-dependent interfacial reactivity and morphology-dependent kinetic regulation synergistically stabilize reactive metal interfaces.
  • This work presents a new paradigm for designing durable and efficient LMB anodes using ZnO as an interfacial regulator.