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Updated: Mar 3, 2026

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Triple Matrix Confinement-Induced Ultrabright Afterglow From Carbon Dots With Multivariate Responsive Afterglow

Yupeng Liu1,2, Yiming Hao3, Yi Li4

  • 1Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME), Joint Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel carbon dots with triple-variable afterglow responses. These materials offer dynamic color changes based on time, temperature, and excitation wavelength for advanced encryption and sensing applications.

Keywords:
carbon dotsexcitation‐dependent afterglow colorsthermochromic afterglowtime‐dependent afterglow colorsultra‐bright afterglow

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Dynamic afterglow carbon dots (CDs) show potential for encryption and sensing.
  • Current CDs have limited multidimensional information encoding due to single-variable color changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop metal-free CDs with triple-variable responses for enhanced information encoding.
  • To achieve ultra-high afterglow brightness and dynamic color changes.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) into a single CD system.
  • Utilized synergistic effects of triple matrix confinement and interface effects.
  • Investigated time-dependent, excitation-dependent, and temperature-dependent afterglow properties.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ultra-high afterglow brightness (406 cd m⁻²).
  • Demonstrated simultaneous time-dependent afterglow colors (TDAC), excitation-dependent afterglow colors (EDAC), and thermochromic afterglow (TCAG).
  • Developed a 3D variable-response color code spanning the visible spectrum.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CDs enable high-capacity, programmable, full-gamut information encryption and display.
  • This platform offers a promising pathway for advanced, multidimensional anti-counterfeiting and secure communication technologies.