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Trends and Disparities for Cardiovascular-Related Deaths With Underlying Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Retrospective
Rohit B Ponnada1, Yesh V Dhruva1, Akhil V Kumar1
1Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA.
Insights
Cardiovascular deaths in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have significantly increased from 1999 to 2020. This trend underscores the need for targeted public health interventions to address disparities in IPF mortality.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonary Medicine
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Public Health Epidemiology
Background:
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease.
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in IPF patients.
- Limited national data exists on CVD deaths in IPF, and disparities are unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine trends in US mortality rates involving cardiovascular deaths and pre-existing pulmonary fibrosis.
- To analyze national data on cardiovascular deaths among individuals with IPF.
- To investigate the impact of disparities on IPF mortality.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study using CDC WONDER database (1999-2020).
- Analysis of death certificate data for pulmonary fibrosis (ICD-10 J84.1) and cardiovascular deaths (ICD-10 I00-I99).
- Joinpoint regression software used for statistical analysis.
Main Results:
- 47,814 cardiovascular deaths with underlying pulmonary fibrosis occurred between 1999 and 2020.
- Age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) increased from 59.1 to 134.5 per 100,000 (APC=3.37%).
- Males and White individuals showed higher AAMR and steeper upward trends compared to females.
Conclusions:
- Cardiovascular deaths in IPF patients have consistently increased from 1999 to 2020.
- Urgent need for preventative techniques and targeted public health interventions.
- Demographic disparities in mortality trends require further attention.
Background And Aims:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with increasing recognition of cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a major contributor to mortality. National data on cardiovascular deaths among individuals with IPF remains limited, and the impact of various disparities is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in the United States mortality rate involving cardiovascular deaths and pre-existing pulmonary fibrosis.
Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study conducted by gathering mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) publicly available database between the years 1999 and 2020. Death certificate data was extrapolated in this database, from which the subset of pulmonary fibrosis patients (ICD-10 J84.1) were analyzed for cardiovascular-related deaths (I00-I99). Statistical analysis was then conducted via the Joinpoint regression software.
Results:
There were 47,814 cardiovascular-related deaths with underlying pulmonary fibrosis between 1999 and 2000. The overall age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) per 100,000 increased from 59.1 in 1999 to 134.5 in 2020 (Annual percent change [APC] = 3.37%, p < 10⁻⁶). Males had a higher AAMR and more pronounced increase than females (APCmale = 4.09%, p < 10⁻⁶; APCfemale = 1.63%, p = 0.056). White individuals had the highest AAMR with the steeper upward mortality trend.
Conclusions:
Cardiovascular deaths with underlying pulmonary fibrosis have consistently increased from 1999 to 2020, highlighting the urgent need for preventative techniques and the necessity for additional targeted public health interventions based on demographic disparities.
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