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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms in Cystic Fibrosis: Interactions, Methods, and Therapeutic Strategies

Luis Ángel Núñez-García1, Carlos Córdova-Fletes1, María Carmen Barboza-Cerda1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, uanl.mx.

Biomed Research International
|March 2, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are central to cystic fibrosis lung infections, driving treatment failure and chronic disease. New strategies targeting biofilm structure and polymicrobial interactions are crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are the predominant bacterial lifestyle in cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs.
  • These biofilms contribute significantly to antibiotic resistance, immune evasion, and persistent infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in CF.
  • To explore polymicrobial interactions within the CF lung environment.
  • To discuss emerging antibiofilm strategies for CF treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on biofilm structure (extracellular polymeric substances), regulatory mechanisms (c-di-GMP, quorum sensing), and polymicrobial dynamics.
  • Examination of advanced in vitro models and transcriptomic analyses for studying CF biofilms.
  • Analysis of emerging therapeutic strategies including enzyme-based, quorum-sensing inhibition, phage, and nanomedicine approaches.

Main Results:

  • Biofilm matrix components (Psl, Pel, alginate, eDNA) are critical for structural integrity and resistance.
  • c-di-GMP signaling and quorum sensing are key regulators of biofilm development.
  • Polymicrobial interactions with bacteria, fungi, and commensals significantly influence virulence and treatment.
  • Emerging strategies show promise in overcoming biofilm resilience.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm complexity is essential for tackling CF pathogenesis.
  • Innovative therapies targeting biofilm matrix and polymicrobial interactions are needed.
  • Further research into host-microbe interactions will guide improved clinical management of CF patients.

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