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The roles of post-translational modifications in the pathogenesis of RNA viruses: allies or adversaries?

Tong Shao1, Zhichao Pei2, Yuting Wang1

  • 1Center of Translational Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|March 2, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Viruses exploit host post-translational modifications (PTMs) to control infection. This review explores 10 PTM types in RNA virus infections, highlighting their roles and potential as antiviral targets.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Infectious diseases and emerging viruses pose significant global health risks.
  • Understanding virus-host interactions is crucial for combating viral infections.
  • Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) are key regulators of protein function, extensively utilized by viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in 10 major PTM types involved in RNA virus infections.
  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of PTMs throughout the viral life cycle.
  • To explore PTMs as potential targets for novel antiviral strategies and treatments for virus-associated diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating recent proteomics findings.
  • Focus on 10 major post-translational modification types.
  • Analysis of PTMs' roles in RNA virus life cycles and host-virus interactions.

Main Results:

  • Viruses extensively hijack host PTMs to manipulate cellular processes.
  • PTMs play critical roles at all stages of the viral life cycle.
  • Specific PTMs are implicated in reprogramming host metabolism and signaling.

Conclusions:

  • PTMs are central to virus-host interactions and viral pathogenesis.
  • Targeting PTMs offers a promising avenue for developing new antiviral therapies.
  • Further research into PTMs can lead to effective treatments for virus-associated diseases.
Keywords:
RNA virusespathogenesispost-translational modificationsviral replicationvirus–host interaction

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