Exploring microorganism-host interactions: Emerging organoid models and analytical approaches

Microorganisms play a vital role in human health through their interactions with the body. Studies of host-microbe mechanisms and interactions are crucial for advancing health management. Recently, the organoid-based models have provided new platforms in this field. Derived from human tissues, these models offer several advantages over traditional systems and, when combined with advanced analytical techniques, they enable deeper insights into host-microbe interactions. In this review, we summarize the different models and techniques used, with a particular focus on the newly developed organoid models. We discuss how these models can be effectively utilized in microorganism-host interaction studies and address their associated limitations.