SHED secretome hydrogel combined with α-mangostin for periodontal bone regeneration: In vivo study

Periodontitis is a long-term inflammatory condition that results in the gradual loss of bone tissue surrounding the teeth. Cells derived from the pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth, also known as SHED cells, are very valuable in regenerative medicine due to their ease of access, rapid multiplication, and the ability to develop into multiple cell types. Additionally, medicinal plants such as mangosteen, which are rich in α-mangostin, show promise for periodontitis treatment. This compound, possessing potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of SHED secretome-loaded hydrogel combined with α-mangostin on the periodontal bone regeneration processes in a rat model.

Sixty Male Wistar rats (n = 12 per group) were divided into five group: Control positive, Control negative, Treatment I, Treatment II, and Treatment III. After treatment, rats were humanely euthanized at three distinct time points (7, 14, and 21 days). Mandibular sections were then collected and analyzed using immunohistochemistry to quantify the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-10, and BMP-2. One-way ANOVA and a post hoc test (P < 0.05) were used to assess the data.

The result showed decrease in TNF-α expression, and a significant increase in the expression of IL-10 and BMP-2 at 7th, 14th, and 21 days.

The combination of hydrogel SHED secretome α-mangostin effectively modulates the inflammatory environment by reducing TNF-α level and enhancing IL-10 production, thereby promoting the expression of the osteogenic factor BMP-2. This finding suggests an effective strategy for periodontal bone regeneration processes.